Alien species are associated with negative environmental impacts in the areas in which they establish. Our study shows how alien species occupy a marginal niche in bird communities within a modified Mediterranean landscape. For example, the blue-crowned parakeet (Thectocercus acuticaudatus) is able to exploit resources that cannot be exploited by native birds, such as alien plants or unripe fruits in orchards (e.g. the apple in the photo).

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